NCCL源码解析①:初始化及ncclUniqueId的产生

作者|KIDGINBROOK
更新|潘丽晨
int e = cmd; \if( e != MPI_SUCCESS ) { \printf("Failed: MPI error %s:%d '%d'\n", \__FILE__,__LINE__, e); \exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \} \} while(0)cudaError_t e = cmd; \if( e != cudaSuccess ) { \printf("Failed: Cuda error %s:%d '%s'\n", \__FILE__,__LINE__,cudaGetErrorString(e)); \exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \} \} while(0)ncclResult_t r = cmd; \if (r!= ncclSuccess) { \printf("Failed, NCCL error %s:%d '%s'\n", \__FILE__,__LINE__,ncclGetErrorString(r)); \exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \} \} while(0)static uint64_t getHostHash(const char* string) {// Based on DJB2a, result = result * 33 ^ charuint64_t result = 5381;for (int c = 0; string[c] != '\0'; c++){result = ((result << 5) + result) ^ string[c];}return result;}static void getHostName(char* hostname, int maxlen) {gethostname(hostname, maxlen);for (int i=0; i< maxlen; i++) {if (hostname[i] == '.') {hostname[i] = '\0';return;}}}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){int size = 32*1024*1024;int myRank, nRanks, localRank = 0;//initializing MPIMPICHECK(MPI_Init(&argc, &argv));MPICHECK(MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myRank));MPICHECK(MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nRanks));//calculating localRank which is used in selecting a GPUuint64_t hostHashs[nRanks];char hostname[1024];getHostName(hostname, 1024);hostHashs[myRank] = getHostHash(hostname);MPICHECK(MPI_Allgather(MPI_IN_PLACE, 0, MPI_DATATYPE_NULL, hostHashs, sizeof(uint64_t), MPI_BYTE, MPI_COMM_WORLD));for (int p=0; p<nRanks; p++) {if (p == myRank) break;if (hostHashs[p] == hostHashs[myRank]) localRank++;}//each process is using two GPUsint nDev = 2;float** sendbuff = (float**)malloc(nDev * sizeof(float*));float** recvbuff = (float**)malloc(nDev * sizeof(float*));cudaStream_t* s = (cudaStream_t*)malloc(sizeof(cudaStream_t)*nDev);//picking GPUs based on localRankfor (int i = 0; i < nDev; ++i) {CUDACHECK(cudaSetDevice(localRank*nDev + i));CUDACHECK(cudaMalloc(sendbuff + i, size * sizeof(float)));CUDACHECK(cudaMalloc(recvbuff + i, size * sizeof(float)));CUDACHECK(cudaMemset(sendbuff[i], 1, size * sizeof(float)));CUDACHECK(cudaMemset(recvbuff[i], 0, size * sizeof(float)));CUDACHECK(cudaStreamCreate(s+i));}ncclUniqueId id;ncclComm_t comms[nDev];//generating NCCL unique ID at one process and broadcasting it to allif (myRank == 0) ncclGetUniqueId(&id);MPICHECK(MPI_Bcast((void *)&id, sizeof(id), MPI_BYTE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD));//initializing NCCL, group API is required around ncclCommInitRank as it is//called across multiple GPUs in each thread/processNCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());for (int i=0; i<nDev; i++) {CUDACHECK(cudaSetDevice(localRank*nDev + i));NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitRank(comms+i, nRanks*nDev, id, myRank*nDev + i));}NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());//calling NCCL communication API. Group API is required when using//multiple devices per thread/processNCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());for (int i=0; i<nDev; i++)NCCLCHECK(ncclAllReduce((const void*)sendbuff[i], (void*)recvbuff[i], size, ncclFloat, ncclSum,comms[i], s[i]));NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());//synchronizing on CUDA stream to complete NCCL communicationfor (int i=0; i<nDev; i++)CUDACHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(s[i]));//freeing device memoryfor (int i=0; i<nDev; i++) {CUDACHECK(cudaFree(sendbuff[i]));CUDACHECK(cudaFree(recvbuff[i]));}//finalizing NCCLfor (int i=0; i<nDev; i++) {ncclCommDestroy(comms[i]);}//finalizing MPIMPICHECK(MPI_Finalize());printf("[MPI Rank %d] Success \n", myRank);return 0;}
ncclResult_t ncclGetUniqueId(ncclUniqueId* out) {NCCLCHECK(ncclInit());NCCLCHECK(PtrCheck(out, "GetUniqueId", "out"));return bootstrapGetUniqueId(out);}
ncclResult_t initNet() {// Always initialize bootstrap networkNCCLCHECK(bootstrapNetInit());NCCLCHECK(initNetPlugin(&ncclNet, &ncclCollNet));if (ncclNet != NULL) return ncclSuccess;if (initNet(&ncclNetIb) == ncclSuccess) {ncclNet = &ncclNetIb;} else {NCCLCHECK(initNet(&ncclNetSocket));ncclNet = &ncclNetSocket;}return ncclSuccess;}
static int findInterfaces(const char* prefixList, char* names, union socketAddress *addrs, int sock_family, int maxIfNameSize, int maxIfs) {struct netIf userIfs[MAX_IFS];bool searchNot = prefixList && prefixList[0] == '^';if (searchNot) prefixList++;bool searchExact = prefixList && prefixList[0] == '=';if (searchExact) prefixList++;int nUserIfs = parseStringList(prefixList, userIfs, MAX_IFS);int found = 0;struct ifaddrs *interfaces, *interface;getifaddrs(&interfaces);for (interface = interfaces; interface && found < maxIfs; interface = interface->ifa_next) {if (interface->ifa_addr == NULL) continue;int family = interface->ifa_addr->sa_family;if (family != AF_INET && family != AF_INET6)continue;if (sock_family != -1 && family != sock_family)continue;if (family == AF_INET6) {struct sockaddr_in6* sa = (struct sockaddr_in6*)(interface->ifa_addr);if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&sa->sin6_addr)) continue;}if (!(matchIfList(interface->ifa_name, -1, userIfs, nUserIfs, searchExact) ^ searchNot)) {continue;}bool duplicate = false;for (int i = 0; i < found; i++) {if (strcmp(interface->ifa_name, names+i*maxIfNameSize) == 0) { duplicate = true; break; }}if (!duplicate) {strncpy(names+found*maxIfNameSize, interface->ifa_name, maxIfNameSize);int salen = (family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(sockaddr_in) : sizeof(sockaddr_in6);memcpy(addrs+found, interface->ifa_addr, salen);found++;}}freeifaddrs(interfaces);return found;}
ncclResult_t ncclIbInit(ncclDebugLogger_t logFunction) {static int shownIbHcaEnv = 0;if(wrap_ibv_symbols() != ncclSuccess) { return ncclInternalError; }if (ncclParamIbDisable()) return ncclInternalError;if (ncclNIbDevs == -1) {pthread_mutex_lock(&ncclIbLock);wrap_ibv_fork_init();if (ncclNIbDevs == -1) {ncclNIbDevs = 0;if (findInterfaces(ncclIbIfName, &ncclIbIfAddr, MAX_IF_NAME_SIZE, 1) != 1) {WARN("NET/IB : No IP interface found.");return ncclInternalError;}// Detect IB cardsint nIbDevs;struct ibv_device** devices;// Check if user defined which IB device:port to usechar* userIbEnv = getenv("NCCL_IB_HCA");if (userIbEnv != NULL && shownIbHcaEnv++ == 0) INFO(NCCL_NET|NCCL_ENV, "NCCL_IB_HCA set to %s", userIbEnv);struct netIf userIfs[MAX_IB_DEVS];bool searchNot = userIbEnv && userIbEnv[0] == '^';if (searchNot) userIbEnv++;bool searchExact = userIbEnv && userIbEnv[0] == '=';if (searchExact) userIbEnv++;int nUserIfs = parseStringList(userIbEnv, userIfs, MAX_IB_DEVS);if (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_get_device_list(&devices, &nIbDevs)) return ncclInternalError;for (int d=0; d<nIbDevs && ncclNIbDevs<MAX_IB_DEVS; d++) {struct ibv_context * context;if (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_open_device(&context, devices[d]) || context == NULL) {WARN("NET/IB : Unable to open device %s", devices[d]->name);continue;}int nPorts = 0;struct ibv_device_attr devAttr;memset(&devAttr, 0, sizeof(devAttr));if (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_query_device(context, &devAttr)) {WARN("NET/IB : Unable to query device %s", devices[d]->name);if (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_close_device(context)) { return ncclInternalError; }continue;}for (int port = 1; port <= devAttr.phys_port_cnt; port++) {struct ibv_port_attr portAttr;if (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_query_port(context, port, &portAttr)) {WARN("NET/IB : Unable to query port %d", port);continue;}if (portAttr.state != IBV_PORT_ACTIVE) continue;if (portAttr.link_layer != IBV_LINK_LAYER_INFINIBAND&& portAttr.link_layer != IBV_LINK_LAYER_ETHERNET) continue;// check against user specified HCAs/portsif (! (matchIfList(devices[d]->name, port, userIfs, nUserIfs, searchExact) ^ searchNot)) {continue;}TRACE(NCCL_INIT|NCCL_NET,"NET/IB: [%d] %s:%d/%s ", d, devices[d]->name, port,portAttr.link_layer == IBV_LINK_LAYER_INFINIBAND ? "IB" : "RoCE");ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].device = d;ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].guid = devAttr.sys_image_guid;ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].port = port;ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].link = portAttr.link_layer;ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].speed = ncclIbSpeed(portAttr.active_speed) * ncclIbWidth(portAttr.active_width);ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].context = context;strncpy(ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].devName, devices[d]->name, MAXNAMESIZE);NCCLCHECK(ncclIbGetPciPath(ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].devName, &ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].pciPath, &ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].realPort));ncclIbDevs[ncclNIbDevs].maxQp = devAttr.max_qp;ncclNIbDevs++;nPorts++;pthread_create(&ncclIbAsyncThread, NULL, ncclIbAsyncThreadMain, context);}if (nPorts == 0 && ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_close_device(context)) { return ncclInternalError; }}if (nIbDevs && (ncclSuccess != wrap_ibv_free_device_list(devices))) { return ncclInternalError; };}if (ncclNIbDevs == 0) {INFO(NCCL_INIT|NCCL_NET, "NET/IB : No device found.");} else {char line[1024];line[0] = '\0';for (int d=0; d<ncclNIbDevs; d++) {snprintf(line+strlen(line), 1023-strlen(line), " [%d]%s:%d/%s", d, ncclIbDevs[d].devName,ncclIbDevs[d].port, ncclIbDevs[d].link == IBV_LINK_LAYER_INFINIBAND ? "IB" : "RoCE");}line[1023] = '\0';char addrline[1024];INFO(NCCL_INIT|NCCL_NET, "NET/IB : Using%s ; OOB %s:%s", line, ncclIbIfName, socketToString(&ncclIbIfAddr.sa, addrline));}pthread_mutex_unlock(&ncclIbLock);}return ncclSuccess;}
ncclResult_t bootstrapCreateRoot(ncclUniqueId* id, bool idFromEnv) {ncclNetHandle_t* netHandle = (ncclNetHandle_t*) id;void* listenComm;NCCLCHECK(bootstrapNetListen(idFromEnv ? dontCareIf : 0, netHandle, &listenComm));pthread_t thread;pthread_create(&thread, NULL, bootstrapRoot, listenComm);return ncclSuccess;}
static ncclResult_t bootstrapNetListen(int dev, ncclNetHandle_t* netHandle, void** listenComm) {union socketAddress* connectAddr = (union socketAddress*) netHandle;static_assert(sizeof(union socketAddress) < NCCL_NET_HANDLE_MAXSIZE, "union socketAddress size is too large");// if dev >= 0, listen based on devif (dev >= 0) {NCCLCHECK(bootstrapNetGetSocketAddr(dev, connectAddr));} else if (dev == findSubnetIf) {...} // Otherwise, handle stores a local addressstruct bootstrapNetComm* comm;NCCLCHECK(bootstrapNetNewComm(&comm));NCCLCHECK(createListenSocket(&comm->fd, connectAddr));*listenComm = comm;return ncclSuccess;}
static ncclResult_t bootstrapNetGetSocketAddr(int dev, union socketAddress* addr) {if (dev >= bootstrapNetIfs) return ncclInternalError;memcpy(addr, bootstrapNetIfAddrs+dev, sizeof(*addr));return ncclSuccess;}
struct bootstrapNetComm {int fd;};
static ncclResult_t createListenSocket(int *fd, union socketAddress *localAddr) {/* IPv4/IPv6 support */int family = localAddr->sa.sa_family;int salen = (family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(sockaddr_in) : sizeof(sockaddr_in6);/* Create socket and bind it to a port */int sockfd = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (sockfd == -1) {WARN("Net : Socket creation failed : %s", strerror(errno));return ncclSystemError;}if (socketToPort(&localAddr->sa)) {// Port is forced by env. Make sure we get the port.int opt = 1;SYSCHECK(setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt)), "setsockopt");SYSCHECK(setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt)), "setsockopt");}// localAddr port should be 0 (Any port)SYSCHECK(bind(sockfd, &localAddr->sa, salen), "bind");/* Get the assigned Port */socklen_t size = salen;SYSCHECK(getsockname(sockfd, &localAddr->sa, &size), "getsockname");char line[1024];TRACE(NCCL_INIT|NCCL_NET,"Listening on socket %s", socketToString(&localAddr->sa, line));/* Put the socket in listen mode* NB: The backlog will be silently truncated to the value in /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn*/SYSCHECK(listen(sockfd, 16384), "listen");*fd = sockfd;return ncclSuccess;}
(本文经授权后由OneFlow发布。原文:https://blog.csdn.net/KIDGIN7439/article/details/126712106?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502)
其他人都在看 点击“阅读原文”,欢迎Star、试用OneFlow新版本

-
专业图形与 AI 算力新标杆:NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell 深度解析
作为英伟达基于全新 Blackwell 架构打造的旗舰专业显卡,RTX PRO 5000(Pro 5000 Blackwell) 以 48GB/72GB 超大 ECC GDDR7 显存、72 TFLOPS + 单精度算力与 MIG 多实例技术,重新定义专业工作站性能标准。从 3D 设计、影视渲染到本地大模型推理、工业仿真,它为专业创作者、AI 工程师与企业用户提供数据中心级算力;搭配英伟达完善的总代渠道体系,更让高性能专业显卡实现稳定供货、原厂技术与全链路服务保障,成为专业领域的首选生产力引擎。
넶2 2026-04-08 -
桌面 AI 超算新纪元:NVIDIA DGX Spark,把万亿次算力装进办公桌
当 AI 大模型训练与推理不再局限于数据中心,NVIDIA DGX Spark以 “桌面 AI 超算” 的颠覆性定位,重新定义个人与团队的 AI 开发边界。作为英伟达首款面向桌面的 Grace Blackwell 架构超级计算机,它将1 PFLOPS(FP4)的万亿级 AI 算力、128GB 统一内存与全栈企业级软件浓缩于一台迷你主机中,让科研人员、开发者与企业团队无需依赖机房集群,在办公桌上即可运行、微调和推理千亿乃至万亿参数大模型,开启 “人人可用的超算” 时代。
넶2 2026-04-08 -
XR 设备选型指南:PICO 与 HTC 四大旗舰深度对比
当 XR(扩展现实)从概念走向产业落地,PICO NEO3、PICO 4 Ultra、HTC VIVE Focus Vision、HTC VIVE Cosmos 四款主流设备,分别代表了入门体验、消费级 MR、专业 PC VR 与灵活适配四大场景。本文从核心定位、硬件规格、体验场景及适用人群四个维度,帮你快速选对设备,实现沉浸式体验的精准落地。
넶0 2026-04-08 -
英伟达授权生态全景:从 NPN 到 Elite,构建 AI 算力的信任基石
在 AI 算力竞争进入深水区的当下,企业对算力的需求已从 "可用" 转向 "可靠、合规、可规模化"。英伟达(NVIDIA)通过一套层层递进的授权体系,将自身技术优势与合作伙伴能力深度绑定,形成了覆盖硬件分销、软件赋能、解决方案交付的全栈生态。英伟达代理、NPN、NVAIE、NVIDIA AI Enterprise、数据中心解决方案授权及 Elite 精英级别代理,共同构成了企业获取顶级算力资源与技术服务的核心路径,每一个环节都承载着不同的价值与门槛,共同守护 AI 产业的算力底座安全。
넶2 2026-04-08 -
算力新基建:从 GPU 集群到英伟达 SuperPod,AI 时代的算力之巅
当 AI 大模型从千亿迈向万亿参数、智能体应用全面渗透产业,算力已成为数字经济的核心生产资料。算力租赁、GPU 集群、AI 服务器构成现代 AI 算力的供给底座,而英伟达(NVIDIA)以全栈技术与 DGX SuperPod 为旗舰,重新定义了 AI 超算的标准,成为驱动全球算力革命的核心力量。
넶2 2026-04-08 -
NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell:桌面 AI 超算级专业卡,总代渠道全解析
当生成式 AI、多模态大模型从实验室走向企业办公场景,NVIDIA RTX PRO 5000(简称英伟达 Pro 5000)以 Blackwell 架构内核,成为专业工作站的核心算力引擎。它兼顾本地大模型微调、高精度 3D 渲染与实时仿真需求,搭配Pro 5000 Blackwell升级规格,配合英伟达官方授权总代体系,为企业、科研机构与专业创作者提供从硬件到渠道的全链路保障。
넶2 2026-04-07